Mausoleum of Halicarnassus (Greek Μαυσωλείο της Αλικαρνασσού; Turkish Halikarnas Mozolesi) is the tomb of the Carian satrap Mausolus (Greek Μαύσωλος), built in the middle of the 4th century BC. e. by order of his wife Artemisia II in Halicarnassus (now Bodrum, Turkey), one of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. The project was designed by Greek architects Satyros and Pytheas of Priene. The design of the tomb bears the features of the architecture of some tombs of the neighboring kingdom - Lycia, conquered by Mausolus around 360 BC. e., in particular, the Nereid monument.

The mausoleum was approximately 45 m high, the four sides of the building were decorated with sculptural reliefs, each of which was created by one of the four Greek sculptors: Leocharos, Briaxis, Skopas of Paros and Timothy. The finished building of the mausoleum was distinguished by such magnificence that Antipater of Sidon ranked it among the seven wonders of antiquity. The mausoleum was destroyed by a series of earthquakes towards the end of the 15th century, and is one of the three most durable of the Seven Wonders (along with the Pyramid of Cheops and the Lighthouse of Alexandria that have survived to this day).

The word "mausoleum" thanks to the tomb of Mausolus entered many languages ​​​​of the world and became a household word. It entered the Russian language from Greek, probably through German or French.

In the 19th century, the British Consul in the Ottoman Empire received several statues from Bodrum Castle (they are now in the British Museum). This prompted the British archaeologist Charles Newton, who had served as vice-consul in Mytilini since 1852, to organize an expedition to Bodrum to search for the ruins of the mausoleum. To discover the alleged location of the mausoleum, Newton studied the descriptions of ancient authors, in particular Pliny the Elder, after which he acquired a piece of land in a place most promising for search. During the excavations, Newton discovered fragments of reliefs that adorned the walls of the mausoleum and parts of the stepped roof. A stone chariot wheel, about 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in diameter, was also found, recovered from a sculpture on the roof of the mausoleum. In addition, Newton discovered the statues of Mausolus and Artemisia, standing in a chariot on top of the building. In October 1857, Newton removed the marble blocks from the excavation site and delivered them to Malta. These blocks were used in Malta to build a new British Navy dock. Today the site is known as Bormla Dock No. 1, but the building blocks are hidden from view in the Grand Harbor Dockyard.

From 1966 to 1977, the ruins of the mausoleum were investigated by Professor Christian Jeppesen from the University of Aarhus (Denmark), based on the results of the excavations, he published a six-volume monograph "Mausoleum in Halicarnassus".

At present, the castle of the Knights Hospitaller (Knights of St. John) still stands in Bodrum. Built-in stone and marble blocks of the mausoleum can be found in its walls. In place of the mausoleum itself, only the foundation and a small museum remain. Some of the surviving fragments of the mausoleum, including a number of statues and many frieze slabs depicting the battle between the Greeks and the Amazons, are now in the British Museum.