The lighthouse of Alexandria (also known as the Pharos lighthouse, other Greek ὁ Φάρος τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας, ho pʰá.ros teːs a.lek.sandréːaːs) is a lighthouse on the island of Pharos near the Egyptian city of Alexandria, one of the seven wonders of the world.

It was built during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (280-247 BC), the height of the lighthouse was about 120-150 meters, for many centuries it was one of the tallest artificial structures in the world. The Lighthouse of Alexandria was the only one of the Seven Wonders that had a practical purpose. First of all, he made it possible for ships to sail without problems to the port of Alexandria, which was of great strategic importance; in addition, it served as an additional reference point for sailors against the background of the monotonous Egyptian coast and, finally, served as an observation post for observing the expanses of water (the military threat to Alexandria came mainly from the sea, since the desert protected the city from land).

The lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the three of the Seven Wonders of Antiquity that survived the longest (along with the Pyramid of Cheops that has survived to the present day and the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, which existed in ruined form until 1494). The lighthouse was badly damaged by earthquakes between 796-1323 AD, the remains of its construction were partially preserved until 1480, after which they were used to build the Qait Bay citadel on this site.

In 1994, French archaeologists discovered fragments of a lighthouse at the bottom of the Alexandria East Harbor. In 2016, the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities announced its intention to turn the underwater ruins of ancient Alexandria, including Pharos, into an underwater museum.