Phases of love and their biochemistry

Scientists distinguish three main stages of love: attraction, romantic love and attachment. Each of them is accompanied by the release of certain hormones and neurotransmitters that affect our emotions and behavior.

1. Attraction: the magnetism of the first emotions

Attraction is the very moment when we begin to be attracted to someone. It is associated with biological and evolutionary mechanisms aimed at finding the most suitable partner. This process involves:

Testosterone and estrogen are hormones responsible for sexual attraction.

Pheromones are chemical signals that can unconsciously influence the choice of a partner.

2. Romantic love: hormonal explosion

At this stage, we experience euphoria, an irresistible desire to be close to our loved one. The following play a role here:

Dopamine is a pleasure hormone that activates the reward centers in the brain, creating an effect of “dependence” on the partner.

Norepinephrine – increases emotional arousal, causes increased heart rate, a feeling of excitement and a surge of energy.

Serotonin – reduces rational thinking, which is why we idealize our partner.

3. Attachment: love for many years

Some relationships end at the stage of passion, while others develop into a strong attachment. Long-term love is associated with:

Oxytocin – the hormone of trust and closeness, which is released during hugs, kisses and intimacy.

Vasopressin is a hormone that promotes long-term pair bonds and a sense of responsibility for the partner.

Why do feelings fade?

Some relationships lose their intensity over time. This is due to the fact that dopamine levels decrease, and the brain stops responding to the partner as keenly as at the beginning of the relationship. However, long-term couples find ways to maintain a connection - through shared memories, new experiences, and conscious efforts to maintain intimacy.

How to make love last?

While chemistry plays a big role in love, psychological aspects are also important. To strengthen relationships, it is important to:

Communicate and share emotions

Create shared memories and try new things

Pay attention to physical intimacy

Express gratitude and care

Love is not just biochemistry, but also a conscious choice. Understanding its mechanisms will help us better build strong, long-term relationships and enjoy this magical feeling throughout our lives.